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Among the numerous animals infected with the bacterial species of Bartonella, dogs and cats represent a large reservoir for human infection because many Bartonella species are zoonotic, implying that they can be transmitted from pet to human. While the role of dogs as a reservoir of Bartonella infection for humans is less clear, transmission from cats through bites/scratches and through fleas are believed to be the much more common scenario.
The many common Bartonella species transferred from cat to human is known as cat scratch disease, as typically cat scratches or bites in those cats positive for Bartonella may result in human infection. Cat scratch disease can be a major human health threat, so it is essential that any person scratched or bitten by a cat be assessed as soon as possible by their physician.
Approximately 20% of healthy cats living in the United states may be positive for Bartonella. Although numerous cats may show no medical symptoms, these cats remain infected for years or for the life of the pet. While the bacteria may cause varied systemic symptoms in affected cats, oral, respiratory or eye symptoms are the most common ones seen in some cats and may include gingivitis/stomatitis, upper respiratory symptoms such as sneezing and discharge, as well as inflammation of the cornea and inner chambers of the eye. Occasionally, chronic digestive tract symptoms may occur, as well as enlarged lymph nodes on exam and fevers of unknown origin.
All healthy cats ought to be tested, especially those with some of these symptoms, as well as especially those cats from shelter or high tension situations, and cats with flea infestations where infection rates are highest. There are special blood antibody tests, as well as PCR testing that may identify positive cats. Treatment of infected cats includes not only several weeks of Doxycycline antibiotic therapy, but also the implementation of strict flea control. With early detection and diagnosis, prognosis for recovery is typically excellent